A Research On Louisiana Purchase - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1275 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: The Louisiana Purchase Essay Did you like this example? Americas Westward Expansion was a period between 1803 and 1890 whereby the United States erupted with growth. The primary focus of this expansion centers around the purchase of a Louisiana territory from the French Government by the president of 1803, President Thomas Jefferson. This purchase later became known as the Louisiana Purchase. Other factors such as the Manifest Destiny, slavery, the Mexican War, and the Compromise of 1850 would also later put their mark this historical event as well. This is how these factors eventually contributed to arguably one of the greatest eras of the United States. The Louisiana Purchase (as mentioned before) was a purchase of a Louisiana territory from the French Government by the president of 1803, President Thomas. The land was bought by the president for fifteen million dollars and extended from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains as well from Canada to New Orleans which increased the size of America by a factor of two. Jefferson strongly and firmly believed that Westward Expansion was crucial to the nations well being.1 He also believed that an independent and rectitude citizenry (the people of a location regarded mutually/ collectively) hinged on a republic to withstand to political turmoil and that that independence and rectitude tied in with ownership of land, primarily with that of homestead farms. America needed the keep expanding to meet the demand of land to support the exemplary population of rectitude or virtuous yeomen (a man having a small landed estate). Although Jeffersons plan of expanding west may have been an icon of the 19th century, it may ultimately be its downfall. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Research On Louisiana Purchase" essay for you Create order The second factor of Americas Westward Expansion is the Manifest Destiny. Approximately seven million individuals (which is roughly forty percent of nations population) were situated west of trans-Appalachian by 1840. The majority of these people previously vacated their eastern homes in hopes of a more economical future and soon related to the Westward movement, owning a lot of land, and prideful farming just like Thomas Jefferson. A dependently stable assembly of people began to take shape from huge numbers of European factory workers. In retrospect, the chance and hope of independence and a greater deal of mobility was offered by the westward movement in the United States. In fact, the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 incorporated roughly thirty thousand square mile of Mexican land to the United States. Many people were swayed into moving westward by a journalist by the name of John OSullivan in 1945 by the mark by which he engraved into the face of Westward Expansion. Sullivan enforced t hat moving westward was a crucial aspect of the republican ideologies and that it was Americas manifest destiny to move westward and to have, in procession, all the land which Province has given us. The third factor, slavery, was questioned among early westward settlers. They wondered if slavery would be permitted in the growing western states. The Missouri Compromise aimed to answer this question in 1820 by allowing Missouri to join the union as a slave state whitest making Maine a free state which safeguarded the sensitive balance in the Congress. This compromise also demanded that slavery would be banned north of the southern edge of Missouri. It did not, however, pertain to developing territories which didnt associate with the Louisiana Purchase, thus, the problem of slavery lingered in the expanding nation. The economy in the south became more and more reliant on King Cotton2 and the indoctrinated labor which fueled it. During this time, an increasing number of Northern people began to speculate that the expansion of slavery violated their liberty which they owned, together as individuals (not represented by the pro-slavery Congress) and as yeomen farmers. They didnt oppose slavery per say, but rather opposed the way expansion appeared to intervene with their economic opportunities. Many years since the Missouri Compromise, in spite of the conflict amounts growing sections, Americans continued to trek West. The Rockies to the Oregon Territory, owned by Great Britain, were hiked by countless numbers of people and countless more traveled into California, New Mexico, and even Texas which are all Mexican Territories at the time. American colonists in Texas became a part of their Tejano neighbors (Spanish-derived Texans) and gained independence from Mexico in 1837 and voted the join the United States as a state with slaves. This, however, was bound to throw off the precise balance that the Missouri Compromise had accomplished. The united partnership of Texas with other Mexican Territories wasnt established as a political anchor until a visionary of westward expansion and planter of cotton, James Knox Polk, was elected in 1844. On February, 1846, Polk, alongside many of his allies, allowed Texas to unite with the Union as a state of slaves as Oregon became apart of the Union as a free state after a long discussion with Great Britain in June. Polk ignited a war against Mexico that same month, untruthfully asserting Mexicos army as having invaded our territory and shed American blood on American soil. This were ended up becoming widely unflavored among the Northerners partly because they opposed to what they have seen, a war which grew slavery. David Wilmot, a Pennsylvania Congressman, added a condition to the war-granting bill stating that slavery should never be allowed in any territories in Mexico which the United States may gain. Although Wilmots condition did not go through Congress, it outlined Americas most horrific, dividing acts, slavery. The last factor of Westward expansion, the Compromise of 1850, begins when the Treaty of Guadalupe 3 which to an end to the Mexican War in 1848. This treaty added over a million square miles to the United States and was larger than the Louisiana Purchase. The procurement or addition of this section of fertile land brought back to life, the proposition which the Missouri Compromise had apparently closed: In new developing American territories, what would be the condition or state of slavery? Henry Clay, a senator from Kentucky, after two full years of constant bickering and liable debates over the topic of slavery, put into perspective, a new compromise. This new compromise was comprised of four sections total. First, California would join the Union as a free state; second, the conditions of slavery in the remaining Mexican territories would be told amongst the people situated there; third, the trading of slaves would be obliterated in Washington, D.C., and finally, a completely redes igned Fugitive Slave Act would allow Southerners to own runaway slaves who had left to Northern states were slavery was not permitted (or even needed). King Cotton was phrase which was adapted and later commonly used by a Southern Politicians and authors before the American Civil War. This demonstrates the economical and political weight of cotton manufacturing. After the cotton gin, which helped pull cotton, was invented in 1793, cotton beat tobacco as the primary cash grabber in the southern agricultural economy and soon holding over half of the total Exports in the United States. The Treaty of Guadalupe was a treaty between Mexico and the United States and was established on February 2nd, 1848 and officially ended the Mexican War. The treaty gets its name from the place where it was signed was Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo which means Guadalupe Hidalgo town. Guadalupe Hidalgo was neighborhood north of Mexico City. This treaty was bought for fifteen million dollars to mark the line which divided Mexico from the United States at the Rio Grande and the Gilda River. This allowed American to gain up to five hundred and twenty five thousand additional square miles of fertile land from Mexico. In exchange, the United States agreed to pay off the more than three million dollar claim made by United States citizens opposing Mexico.

Hiring Process For The Police Workforce - 866 Words

When one is beginning the hiring process for the police workforce, they have to overcome many obstacles that will test their general knowledge, psychological background, physical strength, etc. With each one of those subcategories, there are multiple ways to test each of their reactions. New police officers will have to go through various hours of training and examination of those above them. To start off the hiring process one would be tested on their common sense and general intelligence; following that will be interviews, tests, examinations, and background checks. The first thing the new recruit has to do is pass the â€Å"hurdle process†. The hurdle process is a number of given tests that he/she will have to complete in order to continue with the various other tests. A few of those tests are a personal interview, written aptitude test, a polygraph exam and a voice stress analyzer. The time period of this process is about three months to be completed. Once a general knowledge test, which is a written examination, is completed the police officers will get an insight of what they’re dealing with and how well they will progress while in the academy. There are four categories that would be tested and those include: cognitive tests, personality tests, interest inventories, and biographical data inventories. Once these test have been finished, it s stated that two out of five percent of the recruits will be eliminated for their severe emotional or mental problems. As for theShow MoreRelatedIdentifying Barriers Of Diversity For Law Enfo rcement Agencies1614 Words   |  7 PagesBarriers to Diversity in Law Enforcement Agencies† by Carl F. Matthies, Kirsten M. Keller, and Nelson Lim the issue of diversity in the law enforcement workforce is brought to task. They show through the use of research that law enforcement agencies can do their jobs better if they resemble the population they are supposed to be protecting. 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Short Story My Senior Year of High School Essay Example For Students

Short Story My Senior Year of High School Essay The story I am going to tell you about takes place about 13 years ago back in 2001 in a town called Cowiche Wa. Cowiche is a small farm town dominated by the apple industry. Its about a group of high school kids who thought they were just going out like any other Friday night and of course didnt think that anything bad could happen to them. Little did they know they were about to experience something that would change the way they think and drive for the rest of their lives. Its just too bad it took a car crash to do it. This started earlier that day at Natchez High School. It was my senior year. One of our friends was having a party at his house in Gleed. His name was Rob. Rob was older than we were. He had graduated about ten years ago and was thirty years old. He threw a party almost every weekend because his parents were always gone. Yes he still lived with his parents. We never knew why they were gone so much. I was excited all day for school to get out. I told my friend Ricky about it and we decided I would pick him up and we would go together. Ricky was a small good looking guy. He was pretty good with the girls. He had blond hair and blue eyes and was definitely a lover not a fighter. When I got home my cousin Ty called me to see what was going on that night. I told him about the party at Robs house and he wanted to go. Ty was one of those guys who thought he was a ladies man and would have been if he wasnt such a dick because he did have the looks but not the right words. When Ty showed up to my house he already had a bunch of beer with him. Busch beer is what we always drank back then. Nice and cheap. Ty was 21 so we didnt have to worry about getting alcohol. We headed towards Rickys house which was about a 5 mile drive. When we got their there were two more people with him that wanted to go as well. It was Rickys sister Kristen and her Friend Michelle. They were both freshmen and both pretty hot. I made out with both of them at the same time earlier in the year on the way back from a mountain party up the chinook pass so I knew it was going to be a fun night. It was still pretty early and the party didnt start for a couple more hours so we just hung out at Rickys and drank beer until it was time to go. We played some beer games and listened to music. We listened to mostly rap back then. When we decided to head to Robs we were already pretty drunk but I thought I was fine to drive. I had had around 6 beers already. We all jumped in my dads truck which was a 1990 four-runner. It was black with 32 inch tires. We were in Cowiche and were going to go down the grade into Naches and get on the freeway into Gleed. We didnt even make it to Naches. We were about 2 miles from the Naches grade when we passed a sheriff going the opposite way. It was dark out but when we passed him all I saw were the words sheriff fly by my left side. We were speeding so I immediately looked in my rear view mirror and noticed that he was hitting his breaks. There wasnt any turns for him to take, it was just a straight away, so I knew he was planning to turn around and pull us over. I instantly panicked and floored it. I was coming up to the last turn before I wouldve made it to the grade but I took the corner a little too fast and I rolled it. We rolled multiple times and stopped only because crashing into a huge boulder. .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 , .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 .postImageUrl , .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 , .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9:hover , .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9:visited , .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9:active { border:0!important; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9:active , .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9 .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud804d59e7a9a58bad570f87ddbdebeb9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlet: Contrast Plays A Major Role EssayThere was a drop off about 30 feet or so that we would of went off if the boulder hadnt of stopped us. We wouldve landed on the grade; not quite the way I imagined making it to the grade though. I was knocked out for a moment. When I awoke I noticed that nobody else was in the car. The truck was sitting upside down so it was very strange. I crawled out and everyone else was standing there and were unharmed but very scared. I had a broken collarbone. I was thankful that I was the only person who was hurt. That couldve easily killed everyone in the truck. I know someone was looking over us that night. The truck was completely destroyed. Everyone decided to run because we were all drunk and under age. The only person that stayed with me was my friend Ricky. We decided to tell the cops that we picked up a hitchhiker and we let him drive. We said he took off running and pointed in the opposite way my friends went. We pointed towards Naches. Everyone ran back towards Rickys house though in Cowiche. I dont think they believed us but who was to say anything else? The ambulance showed up and put me in the back. I remember laying there and my dad swung the doors open in a panic. I will never forget the look on his face. He didnt know if he was going to see me dead or alive when he opened the ambulance doors. Instantly, I started saying how sorry I was for crashing his truck and he told me he was just relieved that I wasnt dead. I went to memorial hospital where they gave me a sling and sent me home. I also had just missed my kidney so I was very lucky. It looks like a gunshot wound today. My dad kept the truck in the driveway for a very long time so I wouldnt forget how easy something horrible can happen to me in this life. It worked to. I had to see that truck every time I left the house and when I got home so I thought about it a lot more than I would of if he wouldve just junked it. I have never been in another car accident since. Till this day I still think about that night when I take a corner. Its something that stays with you forever. It taught me to be more careful when driving for sure. I hope my friends that were in the car with me learned as much from it as I did. Ive talked to them about it and they say they still think about it so thats good. You dont want to forget something like that. Learn from it instead.

Queen Victoria Essays (1351 words) - Queen Victoria,

Queen Victoria Queen Victoria On November 6, 1817 Princess Charlotte, the only heir to the crown of England died. She was the only child of the Prince Regent and was not a happy women. She was married off to prince of Orange at the age or 17, but broke off the marriage after falling in love with Prince Augustus of Prussia. He was already married but she was unaware and she continued seeing him. After a long time of Prince Leopold of Saxe-Cobury admiring her, Princess Charlotte gave him a chance and finally they were married in 1816. Later she got pregnant and for nine months of doctors told her that she was not in good health to have the baby on November 5, 1817 at nine o'clock in the evening after a 50 hour labor, Princess Charlotte delivered a dead baby boy. That night she was obviously dying. The Prince was in her room for hours and left for but a moment when a doctor came out and told him his wife was dead. After many controversies between the royal family about who was to become the heir to the crown there was a female infant born in Kensington Palace in London on May 24, 1819. Born Alexandrina Victoria to Victoria Mary Louisa, daughter of the Duke of Saxe-Cobury-Saalfeld, and Edward Augustus, duke of Kent and Strathern, the fourth son of George III and youngest brother of George IV and William IV, both kings of Great Britain. In January of 1920 the Duke a Kent remembered a prophecy that a fortune teller told him. The fortune teller said two members of the royal family would die. The Duke of Kent never would have thought one of the two members would be him and the other would be his father George III. The Duke of Kent caught a cold and inflammation of lungs occurred and he died on January 22 and then six days later his father's long, unhappy life was ended. Victoria called Drina by her family was raised in Kensington Palace and was very spoiled she was idolized by her mother's ladies and despite her mother's strictness about her being spoiled, she had everything she cloud have wanted. At the age of five, Fraulein Lehzen came who was the previous governess of Princess Feodoram she helped Drina learn her letters and she acted like an angel unlike before the arrival of Fraulein Lehzen when she was naughty and violent. In 1830 Victoria was told that she was to become heir to the British crown upon the accession of William IV. This was to occur because William IV had no legitimate children therefore his niece was to become queen. In 1833 a few days before Victoria's eighteenth birthday and the date of her legal majority the king fell very ill. He recovered and the Princess had her birthday festivities which was a stale ball and a drawing room suddenly. Shortly later the King collapsed due to extreme weakness and everyone knew his death was close at hand. On, June 18, the King fell very ill and two days later early in the morning on June 20, 1837 the King saw his final sunset and Princess Victoria had become Queen Victoria. The Queen was very unknown to her subjects. At her public addresses her mother usually spoke. Once the public started to know her they realized that she was the contrast of her selfish and ridiculous uncles. Within a month of her rule she moved the royal household from Kensington to Buckingham Palace. She moved her mother into an entirely different section of the palace than hers. Then she had a bedroom for Baroness Lehzen placed right next to hers. Lord Melbourne was Prime Minister of England for three years. He taught Queen Victoria much about the government because she was led a sheltered life and knew nothing about the government and its working. He taught her about the government, told her how to relate to the people, and advised her on Acts and Bills to be passed. She gained a clear grasp of constitutional principles and the scope of her own prerogative. After six months of her depending completely on him their was an election for the nest Prime Minister. Sir Robert Peel had beaten Lord Melbourne and he would have to leave the Queen. She was very emotionally upset but had to now depend on Peel. She disliked him and wrote Melbourne numerous times for advice. Later Peel was "fired" by the Queen and Lord Melbourne was again her Prime Minister. Victoria's Uncle

youth protest in vietnam war essays

youth protest in vietnam war essays In 1961 president Kennedy decided to send American troops to Vietnam to stop the spread of Communism and to show the United States' strength of resolve. At the time he did not know the turmoil he would bring to his own country. The United States was split between those who believed it was our part to get involved in Vietnam and those who thought it was none of our business. As the war continued people's opinions intensified, especially student's. Youth protests during the 1960's changed the way many Americans viewed the Vietnam War. In the early 1960's protests first became a way of change for the civil rights movement. Then as men started going off to war it became a way of displaying activism. Liberal cities with big universities were the first to experience the antiwar movement. The cities of Ann Arbor, Bloomington, Chicago, East Lansing, Lawrence, Madison, Milwaukee, and Minneapolis saw the movement in full effect (Anderson 4-5). Some people believed that the protesters were a disgrace for betraying their own country (Dudley 83). "Teach-ins" became a way of educating students about what was really happening in Vietnam. Speeches, songs, discussions, and seminars helped get the students involved at the "teach-ins". After the first "teach in" occurred on March 24, 1965, at the University of Michigan, hundreds more started taking place within a few weeks. All the administration could do was to send for government officials called "truth teams". When that did not work, the government realized they should not reveal their policies to the public (Dougan and Weiss 87-88). The students from the University of California at Berkely felt like a minority when no one took them seriously at their campus demonstration in September 1965 because of their long hair and ragged clothes (Kent 74). Many youth joined organizations that were against the war. They would go to protests such as the one that took place on April 17, 1965. The 2...

PhD Thesis

PhD Thesis PhD Thesis PhD ThesisPhD thesis is a report on the research conducted. This report should describe what was already known about the problem under consideration previously, what you did to solve this problem, what you think the results obtained during research may mean, and how the further progress in the research area can be made. Do not forget to review free article on thesis format, research paper thesis writing as well as read great guide on writing a thesis .To write PhD thesis successfully, students should keep in mind that thesis writing differs much from undergraduate writing where they are expected to simply answer an assignment. What is more, in undergraduate assignments the reader usually knows what the answer is supposed to be. If it concerns PhD thesis writing, the reader does not know what your answer to the question will be. You have to present your ideas and backup them with solid evidence. Evidently, your examiners will read your PhD thesis. These people are experts in the ge neral field of your topic. However, nobody but you is the world expert of a particular issue regarding your research topic. That is why when writing PhD thesis, keep in mind that you should make the topic clearer to the reader. The style of PhD thesisIt is obvious that your text should be clear, and your grammar should be perfect. Still, scientific writing requires more than that. Keep your sentences short and simple. Of course, sometimes you will need to use complicated sentences because an idea may be much complicated. Some lengthy technical words will also be necessary especially in case you are writing PhD thesis on biochemistry or alike. Still, you should always remember that non-native speakers may also be readers of your PhD thesis. That is why you should care about simplicity of your sentences. PresentationSometimes students spend too much time on figures, diagrams, tables, etc. However, this time might be spent on examining arguments, making the explanations clearer, checki ng the mistakes, etc. The reason of course is that it is much easier to draw something than to think how to improve your writing. Actually, a neat diagram may be drawn even by a hand faster and scanned to include it into PhD thesis. If you use photographs for your PhD thesis, think about an appropriate compression format, such as .jpg (for photos) or .gif (for diagrams). Further, you will be able to save space or speed by reducing the number of colors. This is only the smallest part of the information you should know about PhD thesis. Still, nobody but your supervisor will better explain you how to prepare it successfully.

Assignment #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Assignment #3 - Essay Example l and means by which to reproduce. This he named ‘natural selection ‘ or the survival of the fittest.’ The theory proposed that those individuals with the more successful adaptations would be able to get more food, and so would be healthier, live longer, and have more success at reproduction. The scientific world of the time was aware of variation, but the first principle of Darwin’s theory is that individuals vary in their heritable traits, so much so that that no two living beings are exactly similar. He first became aware of this because of his close observations of the various plant and animal species collected by him from the remote Galapagos Islands. He realised that although the species there resembled those from elsewhere they were actually unique to the islands, and in many cases to particular islands. Following the expedition he concluded that the environment affected evolution.. The organisms best suited to particular environment not only survive, but also become more and more sophisticated and specialized. Darwin noticed that variation was a characteristic belonging to all living beings and that through reproduction these traits would continue down the generations, the principle of genetics. He wrote about species adapting to its environment over time, giving it perhaps a genetic advantage over and above competitors, whether of the same species or from a different genus. Such a successful trait would be passed on to off spring. He also became aware that some species did not survive. In 1859 he wrote his famous book ‘ On the Origin of Species’. He wrote:- Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows.( Dennet.(1995). p. 64) Darwin also described how, through many millions of years and because of the

Salary packaging and Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Salary packaging and Taxation - Essay Example Fringe benefits tax will apply to both Chris and his employer for this agreement during the FBT year that begins in 1st April 2011 up to 31st March 2012. Superannuation is money put in for a person's retirement. Strict government policy prevent untimely access to conserved benefits except in extremely limited and constrained circumstances, as well as severe financial adversity or on a compassionate basis, such as for medical cure not obtainable through Medicare. Usually, superannuation benefits are in three categories: conserved benefits; restricted non-conserved benefits; and unhindered non-preserved benefits. Mainly superannuation is concessionary taxed at a level charge of 15% at two key points: on contributions, and on salary. Capital Gain Tax inside the fund though is taxed at a charge of 10% if the properties held for longer than twelve months. Contributions whether in the type of employer superannuation, or associate salary sacrifice are levied at this rate. In the majority of the industry funds, the salary tax is paid prior to profits are disbursed to associates so it appears as a lesser level of interest on the worker’s statement. From the time when it was introduced, employers have been obligated to make compulsory contributions to superannuation in place of the majority of their workers. ... Superannuation contributions made by Chris are not treated as fringe benefits but as employer contributions. The initial contribution that Chris was making was $17,000. He however, decided to increase it by $15,000. This contribution has to meet three conditions, which are; it must be an arrangement before service there should be an agreement between West Gate Pty Ltd and Chris and Chris should not have an access to the sacrificed salary (Marsden, 2010). According to the Australian tax office ruling, the superannuation contributions are taxed in the superannuation funds such as 15% (Australian National Audit Office, 1999). West Gate Pty Ltd will therefore, pay the following amount in tax for contribution: 15/100 x $32,000 = $ 4,800 Chris has salary packaged other items apart from the superannuation contributions. The first item is a laptop that one of his children requires for school. It is worth $3,300. This is a fringe benefit for Chris. According to the Australian tax office rulin g S23, the tax is levied at 46.5% for the FBT year ending 31st March. West Gate Pty limited will pay the following amount for the benefit; 46.5% x $3,300 = $1,534.50 Under this, the income test will take into account the fringe benefit received. This fringe benefit is not included in the employee’s assessable income. The employer will be giving a benefit directly to a relative of the employee. Anything is accomplished by the employer in any agreement, arrangement or transaction so as to award any benefit upon any individual other than the member of staff, whether directly or obliquely. The benefit would have been taxed if it had been contracted to the employee. The next item that Chris has packaged is a new car. A taxable benefit is be

Brita Case Essay Example for Free

Brita Case Essay The Brita Products Company began in 1988 under the recommendation of Charlie Couric, a marketing executive with the Clorox Company. Optimistic of its capability to be profitable, Clorox acquired the right to market the home water filtration system. Clorox, citing the overriding long-term benefits of continuous filter sales, initially engaged in deficit spending. Such measures paid off and Clorox not only created a $350 million market, but also captured 70% of the market revenue. Brita enjoyed success in the market by creating a perception of better tasting water. However, as ater purification technology improved and consumer awareness increased, taste alone was no longer enough to sustain its massive market share. Consumers are demanding more in terms of health benefits and Brita needs to respond to their growing needs and wants. The market environment is characterized by fast growth. As consumers are becoming more health-conscious, bottled water and water- filtration systems are becoming a necessity for most, with a Brita pitcher in 1 out of 7 homes 103 million households. Britas competitors were unable to effectively rival Brita in pitcher sales. Brita dominated despite many new entrants to the market. However, a small competitor, PUR, launched a different water filtration product. PURs faucet-filter system offered added health and convenience benefits that Britas pitcher couldnt provide. Now suddenly, our competitors came up with the first mover product. Thus Couric is considering allocating resources to launch a faucet-mounted filtration system in response to these emerging competitors. Many think Brita needs to capitalize on this opportunity to gain new consumers while their name still remains synonymous with quality and taste. Thus raising the question, how should Brita attempt to further penetrate the market with their products? Lets take a look at the Pros and Cons of each option: Option 1: Implement the new faucet mount filtration system The Purpose This writing aims to present one possible solution to the dilemma that Clorox Company faces. The Clorox Company was the market leader in water filtration in the USA with the Brita Pitcher (one of the Cloroxs most important product), but in 1999 they faced the threat of a new product the faucet mounted filter. Clorox already had its own version of this new product ready to launch into the market, so the issue was to decide the best of the following strategies: 1 . Continue selling only the current product; 2. Introduce their new faucet mounted filter in addition to the pitcher into the market 2. The Analysis Market Summary Clorox launched in 1988 the Brita Pitcher and after a decade they were the market leaders of water filtration systems with a market share of 69%. After the Brita pitcher launch, the water quality became a growing concern to consumers. This new attitude about the quality of drinking water allowed the purified water market to grow in both bottled water and filter systems. This growing on the water market, allowed Clorox Has not defined product Market segmentation

Adolf Hitler Essay example -- essays research papers

Hitler’s Childhood Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, in a small Austrian village called Braunau-am-Inn. Adlof was born a sickly child, his mother, Klara, watched over him night and day. Klara Hitler protected young Adolf from her short-tempered husband, Alois. Adolf grew into a thin, dark-haired, blue-eyed boy with an angular face (Twisted 63). At the age of 6, Hitler started school and showed excellent achievement in his classes. Outside of school young Hitler was energetic and had many friends. Adolf’s home life was far less happy. His father ran the household like a military boot camp. When his father was in the same room as him, Adolf was not allowed to speak without permission. The first signs of Adolf’s aggression showed up at the age of 7. Adolf would challenge his tyrannic...

Questions and Answers on Intermolecular Forces Essay

Intermolecular forces written response Hexane and Water do not mix. When the two substances are combined they separate into layers in the same manner oil and water do. Explain why this is? Well to begin with this, these two things are very dissimilar. Water is considered polar and secondly hexane is considered non-polar. Polar and non-polar cannot mix together they are to different substances. Polar solutes will dissolve in polar solvents and non-polar solutes will dissolve in non-polar solvents, this is where the expression ‘like dissolves like’ comes from. When theses two substances are combined they form different layers and this is because hexane is denser then water. Another very important reason to remember is that water is only soluble with nitrogen, fluorine, and oxygen. These two liquids are said to be immiscible. Water and oil will not mix for the same reason water is polar and oil is non-polar and for the same exact reason they are not mixable in a solution. Methane, ammonia and water are chemically similar. Yet the three substances have very different boiling points. Explain why this is true? This is due to the bonding between the molecules. The stronger they are the hotter you must make the liquid to cause it to boil. Intermolecular forces are the forces between the molecules of a substance. If a substance has very strong intermolecular forces, it is likely to be a solid, and if it has very weak intermolecular forces it is more likely to be a gas, and this is because there would be less attraction among the molecules (strong intermolecular force=more attraction between molecules). As you know, when you boil something, you are changing it from a liquid to a gas which means you would want to decrease the attraction among the molecules of the substance by adding energy. If a substance has intermolecular forces that are stronger, you would need more energy to overcome the forces which means it would have a higher boiling point (higher boiling point=higher temperature=more heat=more energy). The opposite is also true. If a substance has weaker intermolecular forces, less energy is required to decrease the attraction among the molecules and therefore it would have a lower boiling point. Ammonia and water have higher boiling points due to hydrogen bonding. Methane has a low boiling point because it belongs to the weakest London dispersion forces.

The sights of leadership

Every leader must master three aspects of visionary sight – 1. Hindsight: The ability to reflect and learn from the past 2. Insight: The ability to interpret and respond to the present 3. Foresight: The ability to predict and prepare for the future But while every leader must operate in all three aspects of vision, which focus they rely on most will have far-reaching implications for their lives and organisations they build. Which focus do you favour? Hindsight Leadership: Tends to emphasise the value of experience and evidence. They look at the future through the eyes of the past. Like a lawyer they tend to look for a precedent for every decision. They’re hoping it’s true that â€Å"history repeats itself†. Although we absolutely must reflect on the past and learn the lessons it offers us, we cannot afford to become overly focused on the past in our leadership any more than we can afford to drive whilst staring in the rear vision mirror. Insight Leadership: Tends to emphasise the value of tactics and reality. They look at the future as an extrapolation of current events and trends. Finely tuned to what is happening around them, they hope that by responding correctly now they will experience success in the future. Although they’re not spending a lot of time looking backwards, they’re also not spending much time looking ahead. The focus becomes about where we are now and what step we could take next. For this leader the old adage not to â€Å"climb the ladder only to find it’s leaning across the wrong wall† contains an important warning. Foresight Leadership: Tends to emphasise possibilities and innovation. They look at the future as uncharted territory or a clean slate. Although they reflect on the past and respond to the present, they are much more concerned with preparing for the future. They drive their organisations with glances in the rear vision mirror and awareness of their surroundings but more than anything else they have clear focus on where they are going and what’s coming up on the road ahead. I often advocate insight which is the moment, that is the balancing or transformation point between hindsight and foresight. Insight is neither hindsight nor foresight. This point is also the birthplace of the two endpoints because what you do at this point of insight becomes your past and determines your future. The problem we so often experience is that we give our attention to the past or the future, at the expense of attending the all-important present moment. We worry about our past or fret about our future and in that process we give up our opportunity to exercise any influence we have in our lives, which can only happen in the here and now

Two Types of Diabetes

Two Types of Diabetes Free Online Research Papers Introduction Diabetes has almost become an epidemic in todays world. Diabetes is a disorder that affects the way your body uses food for energy. Whatever sugar we take is generally broken down into simple sugar called glucose in our body. This glucose circulates within the blood and enter into the cells with the help of insulin. Insulin is a hormone, made within the Beta-cells of Pancreas. Due to sedentary life style and genetic predisposition, the beta cells are not able to make enough insulin, which is a key for glucose to enter into the cells. The key is not there and the glucose keeps on circulating within the blood. This is called Diabetes. There are two main types. Type I Type II . There is another condition known as Pre-Diabetes. There are two main types of full-blown diabetes. People with Type 1 diabetes are completely unable to produce insulin. People with Type 2 diabetes can produce insulin, but their cells have become resistant to it. In either case, the glucose cant move into the cells and blood glucose levels can become high. When these levels remain high for long time, they can cause serious complications. Pre-Diabetes: Pre-diabetes is a condition in which the cells in your body are becoming resistant to insulin or your pancreas is not producing as much insulin as required. Your blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be called diabetes. This is also known as impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Every individual who has a Diabetic father or mother must go for glucose tolerance test or GTT. This can help in diagnosing pre-diabetic condition. A diagnosis of pre-diabetes is a warning sign that diabetes will develop later. You can prevent the development of Type 2 diabetes by losing weight, making changes in your diet and exercising. Type 1 Diabetes In case of Type I (Insulin Dependent Diabetes) the person cant make any insulin. Type 1 most often occurs before age 30, but may strike at any age. This is typically caused by genetic disorder. The pancreas produces very little or no insulin anymore. Frequent insulin injections are needed for Type 1. However there are certain herbs like Salacia oblonga and Pterocarpus marsupium which are found to be useful even in Type I diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes People suffering from Type II diabetes are having enough insulin but the cells have become resistant to it. This type of Diabetes has become very common and is spreading like an epidemic everywhere around the world. The most important reason for the cells to become resistant to insulin is sedentary life style which is being followed by modern age people. 95 percent of all diabetes cases are Type 2. What can be the reason? Its a lifestyle disease, triggered by obesity, a lack of exercise, increased age and to some degree, genetic predisposition. So the only way to prevent diabetes is to change the life style, which is the basic theory of Ayurveda to fight any disease. According to Ayurveda, Stress and life style is the reason for most of the illnesses including Type II diabetes. Factors for developing Type II diabetes and herbs for them As we know that there is no problem with the insulin production. It is there in the body in enough quantity, but the only problem is that it is not able to open the cells to make the glucose enter into them. All the glucose keep circulating within the blood. The cells become resistant to insulin. The reasons for Insulin resistance are 1. Obesity The number one risk factor for Type 2 diabetes is obesity. Nearly 40 % of the patients suffering from Type II diabetes are obese. Excessive fat interferes with bodys ability to use insulin properly. According to Ayurveda this is called Stroto-avarodh i.e. blocked channels. This blockage in the channels of passage of Insulin is reason for greater insulin resistance. Food and life style which cause blockage in the channels or Stroto-avarodh are curd, banana, heavy greasy diet, overeating, excess daytime sleep. There are herbs which are useful in clearing the blockages and opening up the micro channels. These remove excessive fat from within the body. Herbs like Katuki (Picrorrhiza kurro), Vidang (Embelia ribes), Amalvetas (Garcinia cambogia), Triphala are useful in Type II diabetes because they open up the channels and helps in reducing the insulin resistance. 2. Sedentary Lifestyle According to Charaka- an ancient Ayurvedic healer, lifestyle is damaging to health and bears responsibility for the growing obesity and diabetes. Inactivity and being overweight go hand in hand towards a diagnosis of Type 2. Muscle cells have more insulin receptors than fat cells, so a person can decrease insulin resistance by exercising. Sushruta another ancient Ayurveda surgeon explains by giving an analogy that who suffers from diabetes should walk at least 100 kilometers a day to keep his sugar level under control. This indicates that one must walking and being more active also lowers blood sugar levels by helping insulin to be more effective. 3. Unhealthy Eating Habits 90% of people who have been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes are overweight. Unhealthy eating contributes largely to obesity. Too much fat, not enough fiber, and too many simple carbohydrates all contribute to a diagnosis of diabetes. Eating right is can turn the diagnosis around and reverse or prevent Type 2. 4. Family History and Genetics It appears that people who have family members who have been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes are at a greater risk for developing it themselves. Indians have a higher than normal rate of Type 2 diabetes. Having a genetic disposition towards Type 2 is not a guarantee of a diagnosis. Lifestyle plays an important part in determining who gets diabetes. So it can be prevented if we go for changed life style to avoid diabetes. 5. Increased Age Its a very sad but true fact. The older we get, the risk of Type 2 diabetes is increased. Even if an elderly person is thin, he/she still may be predisposed to getting diabetes. As we age, the pancreas ages right along with us. It doesnt make enough insulin it did when we were younger. Also, as our cells age, they become more resistant to insulin as well. 6. Stress, High Blood Pressure and High Cholesterol The hormones are under the control of our thought and our attitude towards events in life. The stress hormone immediately releases pool of glucose, corticosteroid hormones in our blood. There is immediate release of adrenal hormones, causing blood pressure and constriction of arteries. Not only do they damage your heart vessels but they are two key components in Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of symptoms including obesity, a high fat diet, and lack of exercise. Having metabolic syndrome increases your risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. HERBS FOR DIABETES- Following are the herbs, which have been extensively researched by modern parameters by various research scholars. They have also been described in ancient Ayurvedic texts as herbal solution for diabetes. These are 1. Saptrangi Salacia oblonga 2. Vizaysaar Pterocarpus marsupium 3. Gurmaar Gymnema sylvestrae 4. Jamun Syzigium cumini 5. Bilva Leaves- Leaves of Aegle marmelos 6. Karela Momordica charanatia 7. Methi Trigonella foenum graecum 8. Neem Azadirachta indica 9. Tulsi Ocimum sanctum 10. Daruhaldi Berberis aristata 11. Haridra Curcuma longa 12. Sadabahar- Vinca rosea 13. Amla Emblica officinalis 1. Saptrangi Salacia oblonga This is a wonderful remedy for diabetes. It is a tree whose bark is effective in controlling diabetes. It is extensively studied in the western herbal schools, but in Ayurveda it is being used since ages. The herb have been found to have diabetes controlling properties. 2. Vizaysaar Pterocarpus marsupium This is a big tree whose bark is very useful for diabetes. The bark of the tree is made into a wooden glass and the glass is termed as The miracle cure for diabetes. Some water is kept in the wooden glass overnight and is consumed early morning by diabetes patients. The color of the water changes to brown and glass is changed after around 1 month when the water color does not change. Diabetes support contains extract of bark of this miracle tree. 3. Gurmaar- Gymnema sylvestrae- In Hindi language, Gur means Sugar and Maar mean Kill. Gurmaar means The sugar killer. It is a twine that is known since ages in Ayurveda for its sugar controlling properties. Recent studies show that it contains Gymnemic acid molecules responsible for its anti-diabetic action. They bind with glucose molecules in the intestines and inhibit their entry into the blood stream. Thus it is effective in controlling sugar levels. 4. Jamun Syzigium cumini- It is a popular fruit tree growing wild in plains of India. The seeds of this tree are dried up and then a powder is made of them. The powder of the seeds of Jamun fruit is very effective in controlling sugar levels. It is astringent in taste which is opposite to sweet. Anything astringent in taste is useful for diseases caused by excessive sweetness like obesity and diabetes. 5. Bilva Aegle marmelos- This tree has three leaves together on its branches. Any tree who has combination of three leaves is considered in Ayurveda as divine and seat of Lord Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh. The leaves are offered every Mondays in Shiva temples. This fruit of this tree is useful in irritable bowel syndrome. The leaves of Bilva are excellent for diabetes. The leaves are dried and powder is made and mixed with other herbs for better results. 6. Karela Momordica charanatia- The juice of this fruit is a miracle in treating and preventing diabetes and its complications. 30 ml of Karela juice every morning empty stomach is recommended for best results. It can be taken along with Amla juice for better results, as Amla is rich in natural vitamin C and is also effective in diabetes. Karela contains natural chromium and other micronutrients, whereas Amla is also rich in natural anti-oxidants like vitamin C and others. 7. Methi- Trigonella-foenum-graecum- Since ages Fenugreek is being used as a medicine in India, Egypt, Middle east and other ancient civilizations. Fenugreek has excellent properties to bring sugar levels as well as cholesterol levels under control. The seed powder of Methi is used to lower down sugar levels. It can be mixed with herbs described above. 8. Neem Azadirachta indica- Azadirachtin, Nimbin and Nimbidin are effective alkaloids found in neem. They act not only as blood purifiers but also controls sugar level very effectively. Neem is also useful in many skin diseases like eczema, psoriasis, rashes. The skin diseases associated with diabetes also respond to this herb quickly. It also helps in clearing away the blocked channels and maintains the flow of bile from within the liver and improves liver function. 9.Tulsi Ocimum sanctum- It is popularly known as The Holy Basil is a sacred plant according to Hindu mythology. People in India worship this plant as it has tremendous medicinal properties. Regular use of leaves of this plant controls blood sugar levels very effectively. It is also useful in many types of cancers, viral and bacterial infections, sore throat, cough and cold etc. 10.Daruhaldi Berberis aristata- This is a rhizome growing mainly in South India. The roots of this herb are taken out and grinded well. The herb powder stimulates pancreas to pump more insulin into blood. It also helps in preventing insulin resistance among cells. It acts as a channel opener for glucose into the cells. This also purifies the blood. 11.Haridra- Curcuma longa- This is very popular herb and is commonly called Turmeric. Turmeric powder is an effective anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and one of the best natural anti-diabetic. It works in the same way as Berberis aristata. It helps in purifying the blood, channel opener, helps in reducing the insulin resistance and thus making the way for glucose into the cells. 12.Sadabahar- Vinca rosea- It is always flowering plant, growing almost in every house in India. It is known as periwinkle in English. The plant contains very precious alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine which are used in allopathic medicine as anti-cancer injections. The herb leaves are very useful in controlling the diabetes. The herb leaves are mixed with other herbs described above to get good results. 13. Amla Emblica officinalis Amla is worlds richest natural source of vitamin C and is natures super anti-oxidant. One amla contains 30 times more vitamin C than an orange. It prevents ageing and therefore delayes the onset of complications of diabetes. Amla powder, Amla juice can be consumed regularly to get the benefits in diabetes and other diseases. Research Papers on Two Types of DiabetesGenetic EngineeringPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThree Concepts of PsychodynamicBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementLifes What IfsDefinition of Export QuotasThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Biography of Lee Krasner, Abstract Expressionist Artist

Biography of Lee Krasner, Abstract Expressionist Artist Lee Krasner (born Lena Krassner; October 27, 1908–June 19, 1984), an American painter of Russian-Jewish descent, was a pioneering Abstract Expressionist of the New York School. For decades, her reputation was overshadowed by that of her late husband, painter Jackson Pollock, whose superstardom and tragic death distracted from her own career. Years after Pollocks death, however, Krasner received recognition for her own artistic accomplishments. Fast Facts: Lee Krasner Occupation: Artist (Abstract Expressionist) Also Known As: Lena Krassner (given name); Lenore Krasner Born: October 27, 1908 in Brooklyn, New YorkDied: June 19, 1984 in New York City, New YorkEducation: The Cooper Union, National Academy of Design Spouse: Jackson PollockKey Accomplishment: Krasner remains one of the few women artists to have her work exhibited in a retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art. Early Life Lee Krasner was born in 1908 to Russian-Jewish immigrant parents. Krasner was the first in her family to be born in the United States, just nine months after her parents and older siblings emigrated due to growing anti-Semitic sentiment in Russia. At home in Brownsville, Brooklyn, the family spoke a mix of Yiddish, Russian, and English, though Krasner favored English. Krasners parents ran a grocery and fishmonger in East New York and often struggled to make ends meet. Her older brother Irving, to whom she was very close, read to her from classic Russian novels like Gogol and Dostoevsky. Though she was a naturalized citizen, Krasner felt connected to her parents’ homeland. Later in life, she often bristled at the suggestion that she was a fully American artist. Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984). Untitled, 1948. Oil on canvas. 18 x 38 in. (45.7 x 96.5 cm). Promised gift of Craig and Caryn Effron, P.1.2008. The Jewish Museum, New York.  © The Pollock-Krasner Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York Education Krasner always showed a sense of initiative. At an early age, she decided that the arts-focused, all-girls Washington Irving High School in Manhattan was the only school she wanted to attend, as its arts focus was a rarity at the time. Krasner was initially denied entry to the school due to her Brooklyn residence, but she eventually managed to gain admission. Perhaps ironically, Krasner excelled in all classes except for art, but she passed because of her otherwise exceptional record. During high school, Krasner abandoned her given name Lena and took on the name Lenore, inspired by the Edgar Allen Poe character. After graduation, Krasner attended the Cooper Union. She was very popular (though not necessarily academically successful) and was elected to various school offices. At Cooper Union, she changed her name once again, this time to Lee: an Americanized (and, notably, androgynous) version of her given Russian name. Having attended two art-centric girls schools, the idea of being a woman artist was not remarkable to the young Krasner. It was not until she went to the National Academy of Design that she encountered resistance to her chosen career path. She was riled by the idea that women were sometimes kept from doing what the male artists were permitted to do at the traditionally-minded institution. Ernst Haas / Getty Images Life as a Professional Artist 1929 was a notable year for Krasner. That year marked the opening of the Museum of Modern Art, which exposed her to the Modernist style and the enormous possibility it represented. 1929 also marked the beginning of the Great Depression, which spelled disaster for many aspiring artists. Krasner joined the Works Projects Administration (WPA), which employed artists for various public art projects, including the many murals on which Krasner worked. It was on the WPA that she met critic Harold Rosenberg, who would later go on to write a seminal essay on the Abstract Expressionists, as well as many other artists. Krasner lived with Igor Pantuhoff, a fellow painter of Russian origin and an alumni of the National Design Academy, for most of their ten-year relationship. However, Pantuhoffs parents held anti-Semitic views of Krasner, and the two never married. (Pantuhoff realized his mistake after he left the relationship, and he eventually went to New York to win Krasner back. By that time, Krasner had already taken up with Jackson Pollock, who, in his typically bellicose fashion, physically chased Pantuhoff from the premises.) Lee Krasner and Jackson Pollack in east Hampton, ca. 1946. Photo 10x7 cm. Photograph by Ronald Stein. Jackson Pollack and Lee Krasner papers, ca. 1905-1984. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Relationship With Jackson Pollock In the late 1930s, Krasner took classes led by the expressionist painter and famed pedagogue Hans Hofmann. She also joined the Artist Union. In 1936, at an Artist Union dance, Krasner met Jackson Pollock, whom she would meet again several years later when they both exhibited their work in the same group exhibition. In 1942, the couple moved in together. Pollock’s rise to fame, stewarded by his wife, was meteoric. In 1949 (the year he and Krasner married), Pollock was featured in Life Magazine under the title, â€Å"Is he the greatest living painter in the United States?† Some accounts suggest that Krasner spent so much time promoting her husband’s career that she did not have time to dedicate herself to her own work. However, this version of history is misleading. In Springs, Long Island, where the couple bought a house soon after they married, Krasner used an upstairs bedroom as her studio while Pollock worked in the barn. Both were known to work furiously, and would (when invited) visit each others studios for advice and critique. However, Pollocks alcoholism and infidelity damaged the relationship, and the marriage ended tragically in 1956. Krasner was away in Europe, and Pollock was driving under the influence of alcohol with his mistress and another passenger. Pollock crashed his car, killing himself and the other passenger (though sparing the life of his mistress). Krasner was bereft at losing her husband, and ultimately channeled this emotion into her work. Lee Krasner (American, 1908-1984). Gaea, 1966. Oil on canvas. 69 x 125 1/2 in. (175.3 x 318.8 cm). Kay Sage Tanguy Fund. The Museum of Modern Art, New York.  © 2010 The Pollock-Krasner Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York Artistic Legacy It was not until after Pollock’s death that Krasner began to receive the recognition she deserved. In 1965, she received her first retrospective at the Whitechapel Gallery in London. She experienced a surge of interest in her work in the 1970s, as the feminist movement was eager to reclaim art history’s lost women. The appeal of the sidelined wife of a storied American painter made Krasner a cause to champion. Krasners first retrospective in the United States opened in 1984 at the Museum of Modern Art, just months after her death at the age of 75. Her legacy lives on at the Pollock-Krasner House and Study Center at Stony Brook University. Her estate is represented by Kasmin. Sources and Further Reading Hobbs, R. (1993). Lee Krasner.  New York: Abbeville Modern Masters.Landau,  E. (1995). Lee Krasner: A Catalogue Raisonnà ©.  New York: Abrams.Levin, G. (2011). Lee Krasner: A Biography. New York: Harper Collins.Munro, E. (1979). Originals: American Women Artists. New York: Simon and Schuster, 100-119.

Causes and Effects of Unemployment and Examination of Government Essay

Causes and Effects of Unemployment and Examination of Government Policies to Reduce It - Essay Example There are four major categories of Unemployment: Cyclical, Classical, Frictional and Structural (Politics.Co.Uk, 2011). Each of these categories of unemployment has different roots. Cyclical unemployment is mainly linked to variations in the business cycles. It often takes place when the economy is passing through a recession. In such a phase, the demand for goods and services decreases in the economy, which results in firms cutting down on output and laying off workers. This is considered to be the chief cause of Unemployment. The 2007-08 global recession resulted in soaring cyclical unemployment in the United Kingdom with the unemployment figures going past 2.5 million in May 2010, the highest for almost two decades (Kornacki, 2011). The second important category of Unemployment is Classical unemployment. It is also known as Real Wage Unemployment. It takes place when an attempt is made to synthetically keep the wages above the equilibrium formed between the supply and demand curve s. For instance, economic institutions such as a strong trade union may influence the movement of wages beyond the equilibrium resulting in surplus labour supply and thereby causing Classical Unemployment. Frictional Unemployment is the third category of Unemployment. This type of unemployment is related to people being in between jobs. It is considered to be the time phase between jobs or when a worker is switching from one job to another. It is believed to be an everlasting phenomenon in the economy as there are always employers finding workers and workers searching jobs. Mismatch between workers and employers often occur in the economy due to disparity of interests between them with regard to factors such as payment, location, mind-set, etc. The last major category of Unemployment is the Structural Unemployment. It is usually caused due to mismatch of skills and location. For instance, there may be jobs available which require certain type of skills; however, if the workers do no t possess the appropriate skills, then this results in unemployment. Structural Unemployment in the coal mining industry of the United Kingdom rose sharply in the early 1980’s as new technology in the form of Nuclear energy came into the picture. In the case of a mismatch of location, jobs may exist in some other part of the country but workers might not be able to move there due to personal or other reasons (Himmelweit et al, 2001). There are benefits as well as costs of unemployment. The prime benefit associated with this phenomenon is that it keeps the inflation down, which too has severe effects on the economy. The other benefits in the view of the employers are that workers are available to employ; and they would work hard as well, due to the fear of getting unemployed. There are mainly two types of costs of unemployment, individual and social. With regard to the individual, unemployment paralyzes the individual’s ability to tackle financial requirements related t o oneself or one’s family, resulting in stress and diseases which can lead to severe depression as well. Socially, higher unemployment means lack of utilization of economic resources, particularly labour. Moreover, unemployment also leads to social evils such as

Toyota Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Toyota - Essay Example However, the suppliers’ competency is one of the current long term objectives of the Toyota (â€Å"Helping Suppliers Compete†). The TMC believes that the steady and long term relationship with suppliers would be beneficial for the company to spawn mutual benefits through mutual trust. The company has also formulated specific strategies to augment the competitiveness of its suppliers in the auto-manufacturing marketplace. For instance, as reported (in â€Å"Helping suppliers compete†), the company’s annual purchasing policy sets certain annual performance expectations for customers in some specific areas such as quality, delivery, cost, and supplier diversity; and in addition, the company dispatches experts to work with suppliers when they struggle to meet their annual expectations. Mitigation of environmental impact of automobiles is another long term objective of the company (â€Å"our stance on biofuels†). Nowadays, consumers are increasingly conc erned about the issues like global warming and green gas emissions. It has been identified that fuel combustion in vehicles contributes to environmental issues. Therefore, the company has made certain sets of environmental leadership core principles with intent to amplify the future growth.

Anthropology Assignment Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anthropology Paper - Assignment Example Linguistics helps to explain the connection between language and culture as well as social behavior by tracing origins, deviations and similarities of language groups. Ethnology is the examination of similarities and differences of current societies and it helps to understand contemporary issues from legal and political point of views through data collection, recording, researching and testing of theories (Ferraro & Andreatta, 2009). Chapter 2 discussed the attempts by early anthropologists to describe race biologically. Describe the typological and population models. The typological model the 19th and 20th century explained the variation of human differences into racial types. The observation of traits like skin color, hair form, boy build, shape of head, shape of nose body stature and others were seen as markers of a ‘race’. Therefore particular traits would explain a group of people and hence the emergence of whites, blacks, darks and reds which was flawed (Scupin, 20 03). The flaw in this model was corrected by the Population model through anatomical and physiological traits. Thus, this model introduced population genetics which assumed that people who had close relationship in distance had similar appearance hence the explanation that their ancestors must have mated for along time hence the idea of breeding population. Describe the impact of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution on studies of divisions of humans. Darwin’s theory of evolution based its claim on variations of human beings. Origin of species suggested that in nature natural selection existed. The weak species got eliminated by the environment and other human factors to live the strong that were well suited for survival. His theory led to greater racism and conflict in class as those considered less civilized races were seen not fit to exist with the civilized world. In the result, the civilized theorized through eugenics that it was inherited from their ancestors and therefore the savages ere not fit to live. The theory impacted view from economics, religion, politics, culture as well as others that wanted to advance the cause of racism hence more division in human kind. This spread all over the world with serious repercussions (Haycraft, 1895). The scientific racialism experiment of the 18th and 19th century resulted in the concept of eugenics. Describe this term and its social consequences. Eugenics was introduced by Francis Galton a cousin of Charles Darwin. He that human beings could opt to choose only the best of their strong species through natural selection. According to him, the highest in the society comprised of the most favored and best while the lowest were poor savages (Downs & Bleibtreu. 1969).The term eugenics came to be associated with the views of those who proposed that population control should be based with the best of the society and eliminating those who were at the lowest. It led to the rise of positive and negative eugeni cs and the poor people were considered not important in the society. Social consequences took the form of social conflict between those were rich and those who were perceived poor (Zirkle, 1959). Describe Franz Boas’ influence on the theories of scientific racialism. Franz Boas’ influence on scientific racialism was that of demolishing the deductive approach used to theorize about races. He felt that it was wrong for those theories to go

Causes of Absenteeism and High Turnover of Staff

Causes of Absenteeism and High Turnover of Staff You have been employees as the human resource manger of a company. You have checked through the company record on turnover of absenteeism in the company for the past 6 months. Identify the causes of absenteeism and high turnover staffs in your company. Absenteeism occurs when employees are not present at work when they are scheduled to be there. It can be divided into voluntary or involuntary absenteeism. Involuntary absence is viewed to be beyond the employees immediate control; legitimate reasons like personal illness, accidents or family emergencies. Voluntary absence is under the direct control of the employee which can often be traced back to other factors such as a poor work environment, job dissatisfaction and other issues. If such absences become excessive, they can have a seriously adverse impact on a companys operations and, ultimately, its profitability. The causes of absenteeism and high turnover staff are: Low wages: The prospect of getting higher pay elsewhere is one of the most obvious contributors to turnover. Every industry has organizations that pay well and some that pay low. Employees might stay a little longer in times of recession because no other work is available, but they know theyre being exploited and will be looking for a way out. Work environment: Turnover tends to be higher in environments where employees feel they are taken advantage of, where they feel undervalued or ignored, and where they feel helpless or unimportant. Clearly, if managers are impersonal, arbitrary, and demanding, there is greater risk of alienation and turnover. Management policies: Management policies can also affect the environment which can lead to high turnover as well. In a way such as whether employee benefits and incentives appear generous or stingy, or whether the company is responsive to employees needs and wants. Managements handling of major corporate events such as mergers or layoffs is also an important influence on the work environment afterwards. Weak team leadership: Even if someone has been trained to do a specific job, they are usually working as part of team. They are alongside people with complementary roles, who together deliver a process or solution.  If team lack strong leadership they will not function well, which will lead to disagreements and relationship breakdown. Poor training: Asking employees often to do a job but not giving them adequate training will in fact de-motivate the employees and hence allow them to leave the company. Work stress: Work stress experienced at particular types of jobs can also create turnover. Seasonal changes: seasonal changes such as the beginning of a school year can cause high turnover when part-timer, school-age employees return to their classrooms. Demographically specific: Some turnover is demographically specific, particularly for women who are balancing significant work and family duties at the same time. Such women (or men) may choose to leave a company instead of sacrificing their other interests and responsibilities in order to make the job work out. These factors translate into higher turnover rates for women in many companies. Inequitable evaluation: while preparing the performance appraisal of an employee, some mangers will unfairly evaluate the employees performance which in fact de-motivate them and hence lead to high turnover rate. Strained communications between management and employee: When a lack of communication exists in the organizational setting it has the potential to cause significant problems between management and employees. For each case identified above, suggest way(s) in which the staffs can be motivated to remedy the situation. Low wages: according to F W Taylor, the motive for hard work is high wages. The company has to pay high wages to their employees in order to remedy the situation. Work environment: the manger must give high and equal importance to all of his employees, so that they feel who valuable they are to the company and therefore will be motivated to remedy the situation. Management policies: the management policies should meet the employees expectation. Providing them incentive and benefits to motivate them to remedy the situation. Weak team leadership: Teams perform at their best under clear leadership, where someone has a vision of how the team should work and the level at which it should perform. Poor training:  the company must provide with an accurate account of training to their employees to develop their knowledge in those skills and aptitudes which contribute to the welfare of the company and employees. Work stress: the manger must give their employees with a certain number jobs which the employees can able handle and accomplish smoothly at a given time. Seasonal changes: at the time of evaluation and selection the manager must avoid selecting part-timers, or at the time of evaluation the manger must take into consideration the number of hours that the employee can give to the company and the length of his service in order to reduce the turnover rate. Demographically specific: at the time of evaluation, mangers must select those women who are unmarried. Inequitable evaluation: the management must evaluate the employees performance fairly with specific concentrating on his/her performance. Strained communications between management and employee: Improving communication between management and employees requires a focus on  effective communication and leadership management. The following are some important keys to an effective communication: Clarity Active Listening Patience Honesty Awareness of Body Language Question 2 You are the human resource management of the company. Explain how you identify a particular individual for training. Everyone has personal and often unique training and development needs. Such needs may be the result of ambition, career progression, inadequate job performance, or simply to meet changing demands of job or occupation. The purpose of this handout is to outline the process of identifying individual training and development needs and the involvement of the trainer. NO Is Performance Correctable? Is Performance Satisfactory? Is Performance Satisfactory? YES By asking some of these basic questions, it can be able to roughly categorize people and their respective job performance. The outcome of this exercise is to group people into three broad categories. People whose job performance is unsatisfactory and for whom training is probably a necessity. People whose job performance is satisfactory, but may need training in order to maintain this level of performance. People whose job performance is more than satisfactory and whose need for training is for development purposes. Using these categories as a starting point the trainer can ask more detailed question about a person, gradually building up a picture of the individual and using it to identify training needs. To ensure that the training is effective and meet the objectives of the organization, explain how training should be conducted. People must be interested in learning and be willing to learn before they will accept training. The operational objectives of the training should be known by those responsible for it and by those involved in it. Time constraints and performance standards should be predetermined and also made known. Training must be geared to the individual needs of those being trained and be seen to be so. Training must be done either by supervisor or manger, or by an agency acting within a pattern fully understood and approved by the supervisor or manger, and which he will subsequently maintain and reinforce. The rate of training should equal the rate at which an individual can learn, and this should be confirmed by testing. People can learn by being told or shown how to do work, but best of all from the personal involvement of doing wok accepted standards under skilled coaching. Training should be planned, executed and evaluated systematically, in the context of organizational needs. Discuss the issues in the article. According to the article the Singapore government has setup S$600 million to train the workers to develop their knowledge skill. The employers will get higher subsides, up to 90% of course fees, for workers who attend programmes at any continuing education and training centre. For the first time, the low-skilled will be paid $4 for every hour that they are on course. The higher-skilled can get up to $1,000 a month while on training. Half the amount will be use to develop training centre and the rest will be paid out to employers, workers and jobless Singaporeans o course. This will have a great impact on the countrys economy. The unemployment rate will significantly drop and by this great strategy of the government, it will effectively reduce the high turnover rates in the companies and will develop their skills to a certain level.

Astronomy: A Fad Science? :: Essays Papers

Astronomy: A Fad Science? NOTE: This paper was written for an English class and a non astronomy audience. Thus, several arguments were left out to make the material easier to understand for the target audience. These arguments would include (but are not limited to) dark energy, dark matter, and the inflationary model of the universe. If I later have time I may revise this paper to cover such topics and be more comprehensive. Science is a field that prides itself on being objective. To help ensure that this objectivity is met, scientists have formed a process to test each hypothesis. Each hypothesis is then subject to revision, or replacement should a theory come along with more support. As a science, the field of astronomy also strives to reach this goal. However, astronomy has been riddled with mistakes. Just as teens chase after fads today, be it fashion or the latest heart-throb, astronomy too has tenaciously followed trends that were logically flawed. Almost from its inception, astronomy has followed this pattern of clinging to these erroneous ideas. Much like today’s fads, these ideas seem silly in hindsight. However, this makes them no less powerful in the time they occur. But even knowing that such fads exist, which topics today are legitimate science and which are dead ends? Astronomy’s beginnings can be considered to go back as far as humankind has looked up at the sky in wonder. A simple question then led to an answer that is still being uncovered today. That question: â€Å"What is everything up there?† Two-thousand years later, some questions have been answered. Many still remain. However, the process in which these answers have been obtained has not been simple. Many times throughout history, astronomers have believed the answer was in sight and tenaciously believed the idea, only to discover they were wrong years later. These astronomical fads have held the progress of astronomy, and consequently almost all other branches of science, back for hundreds of years as the truth was sorted out. One of the first examples of this was the model of solar system. Aristotle first reasoned that the Earth was at the center and the sun and planets traveled around it on crystalline spheres (Baron 44). The most distant sphere was black and had ma ny small holes punched in it (Baron 44). Behind that was the light from Heaven which shown through the holes making the stars (Baron 44).

Promote communication in health and social care setting Essay

  Identify the different reasons why people communicate when working in a care setting communication is a key factor, you need to be able to communicate with a wide range of people such as service users, families and/or carers, other members or staff and management, you will also have to come into contact with other professional from time to time such as; doctors, nurses and social workers. Communication is the basis of all relationships, regardless of weather the relationships are personal or professional, and regardless of the nature of the communication. see more:explain how children and young people use communication methods in different ways Reasons why people communicate Explain how communication affects relationship within the work setting Communication affects relationships in many different ways in the work setting. Relationships are important and relationships are built of trust and understanding between people makes it easier to get things done. The benefits of effective communication in the workplace are that it is:- A happier, less-frustrating workplace experience. Frees up employees to focus on other more productive activities. An increase in satisfaction from workplace activities and workplace relationships. An increase in productivity can lead to an increase in pay, promotion, and prestige The key relationships are with the people that I support. The skills that I have learned as a care assistant will help me to build relationships and this will be important to ensure that the right outcomes are met, for example somebody may have identified that they would require support in their lives and they need to sure that the people they are working with are honest and trustworthy. Read more:  Describe the Different Ways That People Communicate Relationships with colleagues and other professionals are vital if people are to work together effectively. Showing respect for the work that other professionals undertake is an essential building block of a good professional relationship. It is important to take the time to find out what other people do and think about what you could learn from them, and remember that everybody makes a contribution. Demonstrate how to establish the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of individuals. All relationships start through communication, when providing support for people you must ensure that you are a good communicator. You will have to gain an understanding of messages that are being communicated from others and be able to communicate back when you’re not always able to use words. When you first meet somebody and talk to them you would usually be using two language systems to enable communication and thy will be verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication: is when we communicate our message verbally to whoever is receiving the message. Nonverbal communication: is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. Such messages can be communicated through gesture, body language or posture, facial expression and eye contact. Body language is very important when you communicate as it affects the way people interoperated what you are trying to say. Effective communication requires you to have the ability to understand you’re own and other peoples non verbal behavior. Your body often sends messages to other people unintentially. Describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication When people communicate they tend to take notice of somebody’s tone of voice and facial expressions first other than what is actually being said. As a care assistant being able to understand the factors that contributes to good communication is very important as this will allow me to gain an understanding of every service user and also be able to tell if anything is affecting them or causing them upset or pain. Demonstrate a range of communication methods and styles to meet individual needs. There are many different ways to communicate and ensuring that you are using the right level and type of language is very important to ensuring that you are being understood fully. Communicating with people may not always be about speaking or even non-verbal communication, you can communicate in a wide of different ways these are:- Email audio (speaking, singing) telephone conversation texting using a mobile (short messages) visual (seeing pictures, slides, artwork, written words) kinesthetic (teaching someone by showing them how to do something, hands-on instruction, texture) face-to-face vs. long distance   Interperators (if you are trying to communicate with somebody who’s language you do not speak) technological (some people prefer reading books, other prefer reading them via electronic screen) Demonstrate how to respond to an individual’s reaction when communicating A response during communication is important for the communication to take place. If someone is talking to you and you are not responding, it is difficult for communication to take place. When you respond to someone, it shows that you are listening to them, which then shows that you understand what they are saying and are interpreting it correctly. However, the response doesn’t need to be verbal. A simple nod can even be considered communicating, as long as both participants are aware of each other and understand what is being said. When communicating it is important to remember that when communicating you can often learn as much by observing as by what you hear. It is important to learn to listen with your eyes. An important part of responding appropriately to communication is recognizing when people are distressed and know how to deal with it. It is importing to have an understanding of the effects of emotions, as they can often be an indicator of a potentially highly charged or dangerous situation. There are some general indications that a person is becoming distressed and these can be obvious to see:- i. breathing patterns ii. excessive sweating iii. face and neck become red and flushed iv. body language v. eyes for example pupils dilate vi. change in facial expressions vii. change in tone of voice for example voice may become raised Explain how people from different backgrounds may used and /or interpreter communication methods in different ways When you are first communicating with somebody it is important to find out about communication issues the person you are communicating with. You can discover a great deal about possible communication issues by simply observing somebody’s behavior. Observation should be able to establish What language is being used If the person is experiencing any hearing or visual impairment If they have any physical illness or disability If they have any learning disabilities Any of these issues could have a huge affect on how well we communicate and can allow you to put steps in place to help communicating easier. Identify barriers to effective communication Hearing Impairment- A service user that has a hearing impairment in one or both ears. Visual sight- A service user that has no visual sight or poor vision or sight in one eye. Disability/learning difficulties- A service user that might have a condition that might stop them from communicating effectively and might need visual aids to help them communicate. Learning and speech impediment- A service user that finds it hard to communicate through speech and gets frustrated because they are not understood. 0ther languages (cultural backgrounds or English as an additional language)- you may need an interpreter or find other means of communicating with service user that do not speak English. Different family background personality. Demonstrate ways to overcome barriers to communicate Physical barriers Physical and environmental factors can cause problems when we communicate. When you are communicating it is important to consider the surrounding that you are in when you’re communicating, for example people find it difficult to talk in noise and crowded places. Understand what could be barriers to communication can allow myself to ensure that communicating id done effectively these could be:- Hearing loss Physical disability Visual impairment Learning disability Dementia Language differences Distress Demonstrate how to access extra support or services to enable individuals to communicate efficiently. If I am having any communication problems with a service user I would seek advice straight away as the longer I leave It the longer the problem will take to get resolved. Also the service user may become upset and frustrated and this can cause more barriers when communicating. The person I would go to first is my organiser and if they are unable to resolve the problem they will get in touch with people who can. These could be:- Translation services- can help with changing written txt from one language to another. Interpreter services – they convert spoken language from one to another. Speech and language services- support for people who have had a stroke or have problems with speech. Advocacy service- support people who are unable to speech for themselves. This service try’s to understand the needs and wishes of people and will argue on their behalf. Explain the meaning of the term confidentiality Within the care sector there are legal requirement under the data protection act 1998 to ensure that all records are confidential. This act gives people the right to see all the information recorded about them weather it’s their medical records or the social service file. Confidentiality means keeping all information with the work place safe and only be passed on where there is a clear right and need to do so if it could cause half to an individual. Confidentiality is an important right to everybody and it is very important as a care assistant to remember this as because service users might not trust a care assistant who can not keep things private additionally by breaking confidentiality you may be putting service users at risk if their personal details get out for example home address. All service users records will be kept in a locked office and they will also be kept on the computer which will be password protected and there will be policies on record keeping within the office place. Demonstrate ways to maintain confidentiality in day to day communication. The principle of confidentiality is about trust and confidence that people might have in care workers. Care workers need to ensure that they do not discuss one person who you support with another person that you also support. The most common way in which confidentially is breached is by people talking about work issues with family and friends. It is done very easy and very tempting to discuss the days events especially if you have had a stress full and it is often therapeutic. But by doing this if you don’t keep peoples details confidential and anonymous this could break confidentiality. Every organisation will have policies on confidentiality and the disclosure of information. As a care assistant it is important that I know where the policies can be found and what information is in the policies.